https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food_coloring
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_black
extracted from view-source:https://www.nytimes.com/1976/09/23/archives/fdi-bans-use-of-red-no-4-dye-and-carbon-black-in-food-items.html :
WASHINGTON, Sept 22 1976 (AP) The dyes that make jelly beans black and maraschino cherries red were banned today for use in foods. The candy industry said it could switch to another dye to keep on making items such as black jelly beans and licorice. It was unclear whether another additive could be used for the red cherries. They also are marketed in green and in their natural yellow color after processing. The Food and Drug Administration said the safety of the two dyes was questionable. The one called Red. No. 4 may cause urinary bladder polyps and atrophy of the adrenal glands, it said. And for the color carbon black, there is no reliable testing method to assure that it does not contain a cancer-causing byproduct, the F.D.A. said. The Government ban on the two dyes does not affect stocks already produced. Red No. 4 was banned for use in foods and drugs taken internally but still can be used in cosmetics and externally applied drugs. Carbon black was banned for use In candies, drugs and cosmetics such as eye shadow and mascara. Last February the F.D.A. banned Red No. 2, then the nation’s most widely used artificial color in foods, drugs and cosmetics. The agency announced today that it planned some orders on 82 more color additives. It said that on Oct. 25 it will ban 10 more color additives that had been given provisional approval for use only in cosmetics. It also plans to approve permanently 20 other colors for use only in external drugs and cosmetics by the year’s end. It will give industry more time to conduct further safety. testing of 52 other colors, three of them in food. The F.D.A. said its latest actions clarified the status of every color additive that has had provisional approval status. The actions we are announcing today will provide continued assurance to the consumer that the safety of color additives used in food, drugs and cosmetics has been adequately demonstrated.â Sherwin Gardner, deputy F.D.A.commissioner, said. An F.D.A. spokesman said other dyes could be used to make candies such as jelly beans black. A spokesman at the National Confectioners Association in Chicago said most of the group’s members were prepared to switch to a substitute coloring.