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Cake day: June 15th, 2023

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  • So, your broker may charge a fee just to trade. If you buy an individual stock, there are usually no fees beyond that.

    I did some digging and came up with this S&P 500 fund which claims to be traded on several European exchanges, and yes, it’s fee is listed as 0.07% yearly. But you will never see a bill for that. Instead, it will be quietly taken out of the fund, and at the end of the year your fund will be worth 0.07% less.

    On the other hand, an actively managed fund (where they make particular investment decisions) might have a 1% or 2% fee…


  • A few thoughts for you:

    • when you buy a stock, you are buying a tiny part of an individual company. When you buy a mutual fund, you are buying into a collection of companies put together by whoever runs the fund. They charge a fee for this service, baked into the cost of the funds, which is disclosed in the fine print but you may not notice if you don’t know where to look. Those are often priced once a day. An ETF is simply a mutual fund that is traded like a stock.

    • “Index” funds and ETFs are popular because they are meant to mimic the performance of an index (like the S&P 500), so there are very few investment choices to make - so, their managers can’t charge as high a fee.

    • Generally speaking, when you buy a stock or fund you don’t owe any tax on it until you sell, and then you only owe tax on the portion that it increased. (So, if you bought at $100, and sold at $120, you may get a form that said you made $20 in income). But some stocks pay dividends, and some mutual funds buy and sell stocks which result in a “paper gain” for the fund even if you didn’t sell. Be aware of how this all works in your country. (And, in particular, don’t ignore any forms they send you, read it all to find out if it affects your taxes!)

    • Bank deposits often have some government guarantee, where if the bank goes under the government will make sure you don’t lose your money. Stocks are not like that. You can buy stock in a company, and see it go bankrupt later. It’s stock might go worthless without you even selling it. That’s another reason why some people stick to mutual funds, though, because it spreads out risk a bit more.

    • Stocks are priced strictly by supply and demand. Who is buying, and who is selling? Since you are buying shares in actual companies, it is possible if you understand how to read financial reports to find out which stocks are “cheap” and which are “overpriced”. But, in order for the stock to actually go up, there need to be more people buying, for whatever reason.

    I hope this helped. Good luck!