Let’s start with a question! Is this program well-defined? 1 2 3 4 int main() { while (true) ; } If you said yes, you’d be wrong — at least before C++26. A while (true); loop with no side effects used to be undefined behaviour. Compilers were free to assume it terminates, and some — Clang in particular — would optimize it away entirely, with spectacular consequences: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 // https://godbolt.org/z/WYMxxeW1T #include int main() { while (true) ; } void unreachable() { std::cout << "Hello world!" << std::endl; } In…