I’m liberating this one from the evil empire. The original poster recently saw this one at Nagoya, evidently one of the few-ish remaining ones in service. Their post title was:
Orange backlit LCD, check! Phone card slot, check! Japan in 1982 was the future! (An endangered species spotted at Nagoya station)
More examples & angles:
https://www.google.com/search?q=classic+green+NTT+public+payphone+from+Japan&udm=2

I’m afraid I don’t use them frequently enough to put a date to that, but I can recall around 2010 my local public library at the time being fully computerised as far as I could tell.
I expect there was a very staggered roll out, partially dependant on the county & their relation to the party in power, plus the north probably getting them later overall.