We have developed a novel experimental methodology based on nanotechnology techniques and micromechanical/materials testing to simulate and characterize microwear caused by the sliding of soft matter containing abrasive particles against human enamel. We found:

(1) Plant phytoliths, upon cyclic contacts, increase the extent of pre-existing wear in tooth enamel and decrease its mineral content.

(2) The primary wear mechanism of enamel is quasi-plastic deformation enabled by failure of weak interphases between—and within—mineral rods.

(3) Phytoliths in soft solid media undergo long-term mechanical degradation.

These results provide a better understanding of how mechanical failure of dental enamel (microscopic wear, fracture, etc.) occurs, which has large implications for dentistry and understanding animal ecology and evolution.