Everyone was out for themselves or their narrow view of what was just and best for humanity from their simplistic point of view.
Leto 2 was the exception because he was out for his narrow view of what was best for humanity from his broad point of view that still didn’t really lead anywhere.
The actual point of the books is that no ideal survives the test of real time, and over time civilization tends to ossify, so we are doomed to catastrophe by our very nature.
Dune has one of the most complex (and necessarily logical) universe in it. I’m not surprised every reader found different themes more fitting.
Dune had no good guys, none at all.
Everyone was out for themselves or their narrow view of what was just and best for humanity from their simplistic point of view.
Leto 2 was the exception because he was out for his narrow view of what was best for humanity from his broad point of view that still didn’t really lead anywhere.
The actual point of the books is that no ideal survives the test of real time, and over time civilization tends to ossify, so we are doomed to catastrophe by our very nature.